That is becase profile_field_base->is_visible tryes to find user with id = -1.

In /user/profile/lib.php - profile_field_base - is_visible()

$context = $this->userid ? context_user::instance($this->userid) : context_system::instance();

should be replaced with 

 $context = $this->userid && ($this->userid != -1) ? context_user::instance($this->userid) : context_system::instance();

1. Login as admin.
2. Create custom porfile text field, eg. job. 
3. Navigate to adding new user. It should be /user/editadvanced.php?id=-1
4. It shows error: 
    

invalid user

Debug info: SELECT id FROM {user} WHERE id = ? AND deleted = ?
[array (
0 => -1,
1 => 0,
)]
Error code: invaliduser
Stack trace: * line 1546 of /lib/dml/moodle_database.php: dml_missing_record_exception thrown

• line 1522 of /lib/dml/moodle_database.php: call to moodle_database->get_record_select()
• line 6015 of /lib/accesslib.php: call to moodle_database->get_record()
• line 416 of /user/profile/lib.php: call to context_user::instance()
• line 578 of /user/profile/lib.php: call to profile_field_base->is_visible()
• line 149 of /user/editadvanced_form.php: call to profile_definition()
• line 204 of /lib/formslib.php: call to user_editadvanced_form->definition()
• line 155 of /user/editadvanced.php: call to moodleform->__construct()