If you edit a page resource you can use the media button to add an arbitrarily large file. If the user is uploading a file PHPs own file size limit kicks in and saves the day. Once MDL-27156 is in, users with access to a file repository will be able to include a file of any size from the repository.

I checked both master (2.3) and 2.2 stable and this bug is present in both version.